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Centrifugal compressor refrigeration - Centrifugal compressor working principle

Technical information Refrigeration Centrifugal compressor

Centrifugal compressor

Rotor, or impeller, centrifugal compressor rotates at high speed (from 3,000 to 20,000 RPM) inside the compressor casing. The refrigerant is fed into the body in the center of the wheel. Impeller forces steam from its outer diameter, under the influence of centrifugal force, causing it to move at high speed. The high velocity gas, then allowed to slow down and expand the diffuser section, which causes the refrigerant pressure increases. One process, as it is called stage of compression. Centrifugal compressor using one wheel is called one step machine that uses two impellers is called a double stage of the machine; and other

When more than one stage is used, the extract from the diffuser section one comes in at the entrance to the next stage. Industrial refrigeration model can take advantage of as many of four stages to achieve the desired compression. Air conditioning models, as a rule, one or two stages of compression.

As in the case of reciprocating and screw compressors, centrifuges are available in both open and sealed design.

Motor and drive shaft is positioned horizontally. Vibration monitoring is carried out outside of the compressor. Centrifuges, as a rule, ride, but noisy due to their high speed. Centrifugal design was originally used as a large air handler with a medium level of compression. In their time they were developed in the refrigeration and air-conditioning compressors. Centrifugal design is best suited for large capacity of 100 tons and above), low compression ratio of work.

Centrifuges are the most popular type of compressor on commercial and industrial refrigeration and air conditioning systems using compressors more than 100 tons. Standard model range up to 10 000 tons of capacity and custom-built versions may exceed 20 000 tons. They compete with screw compressors after about 750 tons in compressors and reciprocating compressors through about 150 tons per compressor.

Centrifugal compressors and are well suited for the use of variable speed drives for capacity control. Another method of control is the use of the inlet guide vanes are mounted in a casing of the compressor, just upstream of the impeller inlet, as shown here. Blades direct refrigerant vapor in the wheel, the change of productivity of the compressor, and its power requirements. Further blades are closed, the lower the productivity of the compressor and power which it consumes.

The compressor is the only major component within the mechanical refrigeration system that provides immediate obvious evidence of his insolvency. Other components may function incorrectly or even refuses to work, but more often, the result of their problems is first noticed in the compressor.

Most mechanical refrigeration system problems, if allowed to continue unattended for a long period of time, a compressor failure. If the technician assumes that the cause of the malfunction of the compressor is inside the compressor, he is likely to make the first of many unnecessary replacement of the compressor that will be the problems of work. Replacement of the compressor on a system that has improperly designed for the refrigerant, as prescribing for patients with brain tumors, who complains of persistent headaches. How to deal with the symptom, not doing anything to deal with a real problem. A competent specialist, as a competent doctor goes beyond just treating the symptoms and investigates the causes of the problems...

 
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