Shell And Tube Water-Cooled Condensers
In shell-and-tube condenser consists of a cylindrical casing, in which a number of straight pipe were organized and conducted in tube sheets. Condensation of water is circulated by a steel or copper pipes, which can be naked or other surface, while the refrigerant contained inside a steel shell. Water circulates in the space between the tube sheets and end plates at both ends of the shell. Their construction is almost identical to the flooded type shell-and-tube liquid coolers described.
Shell-and-tube condensers have a capacity ranging from two tons (7 kW) up to hundreds of tons. Shell diameters range from approximately 4 to 60 in (from 10 to 150 cm). Number and diameter of the pipes needed for this application is a function of the diameter of the shell. Pipe diameter % to 2 in (19) 61 cm) are common, and the number of tubes in the condenser ranges from six to more than 1000. Tube length varies from about 3 to 20 (from 1 to 6 m).
Partition thrown in the end plates act as manifolds, to direct the flow of water through the tube.
The location of end plates, diffuser plates determines the number of passes through the condenser water makes before leaving. Number of passes varies from two to 20. A number of passes through the capacitor increases, the number of traffic jams on the passage, decreases. For example, a two-pass capacitor having 40 tubes employed 20 pipes for the pass, while the same capacitor is configured as four passes the device uses only 10 tubes per pass. At the end of the boards of these capacitors are removable to allow mechanical cleaning of water pipes.
Velocity and pressure drop of the water flowing through the condenser with an increasing number of passes increases. As the velocity increases, it produces more turbulence in the tube, increasing the overall heat transfer coefficient of the capacitor. This response, reduces the scope required for a given system throughput.
However, the higher turbulence increases the pressure drop along with the power required to circulate the water through the condenser. Economic analysis conducted to determine the most efficient and cost-effective design for these capacitors...
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Industrial